This module models the generation and propagation of low-frequency sound in complex duct networks. The frequency range is limited to the plane wave region in the connecting pipes. It is based on linear acoustic theory and all elements, e.g., a complex muffler, are reduced to two ports while terminations and sources are represented as one-ports. A number of standard elements representing common duct and pipe elements as well as basic muffler types are available as building blocks, which can be connected to form a network. All standard element models are validated and are based on the best and most recent models published in the literature. The users have the possibility to add their own elements as user-defined elements.
1. Pipe (Hard walled, can be filled with porous material). 2. Duct (Rectangular cross-section). 3. Diffuser, curcular and rectangular. 4. Quarter Wave-Length Resonator (can be filled with porous material). 5. Helmholtz Resonator. 6. Catalyst (decrease the contents of harmful exhaust gases) 7. Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF reduces the harmful emission of soot particles from diesel engines). 8. Lined Duct (with porous material) 9. Sudden Area Expansion and Contraction | 10. Expansion Chamber (concentric extended inlet and outlet). 11. Orifice 12. Lumped Element. 13. Perforate (lumped impedance element) 14. Bend, circular and rectangular. 15. Inlet and Outlet End Caps. 16. User-Defined Transfer Matrix as a function of frequency. |
1. Open End. 2. Constant Impedance. 3. Reflection Free termination. | 4. IC Engine impedance. 5. User-Defined frequency-dependent impedance. |
1. Constant pressure source. 2. IC Engine source strength. | 3. User-Defined frequency-dependent pressure source. |
1. Perforated four-port. 2. Perforated six-port. | 3. Perforated eight-port. |